Preston Guild Merchant, 1882. Memorials of the Preston Guilds ... Reprinted From the Preston Guardian, Etc.

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Ogilvie, Sheilagh (2011). Institutions and European Trade: Merchant Guilds, 1000–1800. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-50039-5. a b c d Hafter, Daryl M. “Female Masters in the Ribbonmaking Guild of Eighteenth-Century Rouen.” French Historical Studies, vol. 20, no. 1, 1997, pp. 1–14. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/286795. Accessed 19 Nov. 2023.

In England, specifically in the City of London Corporation, more than 110 guilds, [28] referred to as livery companies, survive today, [29] with the oldest 868 years old. [30] Other groups, such as the Worshipful Company of Tax Advisers, have been formed far more recently. Membership in a livery company is expected for individuals participating in the governance of The City, as the Lord Mayor and the Remembrancer.It will be readily understood that all these trade and other privileges were not granted to Guilds without corresponding responsibilities being thrown upon their brethren. In addition to the annual grant paid by them to the king or earl, as the case might be, they also discharged a considerable portion of the expense incurred in the upkeep of the town walls, towers, ditches or other fortifications, streets and bridges. A common form of oath included, for instance, " I will lot and scot "—that is to say, I will bear my lot and pay my scot—" with my goods and chattels to the community in the quantity that I shall be assessed, according, to my power." The Guilds had also to assist during the visits of the king or queen or lord of the town, also to pay portions of royal fines, and satisfy many other claims which were periodically made upon them. Ginsburg, Michael (1940). "Roman military clubs and their social functions". Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association. 71: 149–156. doi: 10.2307/283119. JSTOR 283119.

Taken in the context of guilds, it can be argued that the purpose of accreditation is to provide a mechanism for members of the scholars guild to protect itself, both by limiting outsiders from entering the field and by enforcing established norms onto one another. Contriving means to limit the number of outsiders who gain an entrance to a field (exclusivity) and to enforce work norms among members were both distinguishing feature of guilds in the Middle Ages. [57] Quasi-guilds in the information economy [ edit ] Burton, Edwin; Marique, Pierre (1910-06-01). "Guilds". The Catholic Encyclopedia– via Newadvent.org.Interest in the medieval guild system was revived during the late 19th century, among far-right circles. Fascism in Italy (among other countries) implemented corporatism, operating at the national rather than city level, to try to imitate the corporatism of the Middle Ages.