U.S Rugby Scholarships – U.S Sports Scholarships". Archived from the original on 15 September 2021 . Retrieved 21 September 2020. a b Dunning, Eric (1999). Sport Matters: Sociological Studies of Sport, Violence and Civilisation. Routledge. p. 88. ISBN 978-0-415-09378-1. Other variety of ball games had been known from Ancient Greece. The ball was made by shreds of leather filled with hair (the first documents of balls filled with air are from the 7th century). Ball games had, however, a low status and was not included at the Panhellenic Games. In the Ancient Rome, games with balls were not included in the entertainment on the big arenas (amphitheaters), but occurred in exercises in the military by the name of Harpastum. It was the Roman culture that would bring football to the British island (Britannica). It is, however, uncertain in which degree the British people were influenced by this variety and in which degree they had developed their own variants. The game of football takes its form Reilly, Thomas; Doran, D. (2001). "Science and Gaelic football: A review". Journal of Sports Sciences. 19 (3): 181–193. doi: 10.1080/026404101750095330. PMID 11256823. S2CID 43471221.

Super Bowl XXXVII: Tampa Bay Buccaneers (NFC,12-4) defeated Oakland Raiders (AFC,11-5), Score: 48-21 Murphy, Brendan (2007). From Sheffield with Love. Sports Book Limited. p.59. ISBN 978-1-899807-56-7. Archived from the original on 27 February 2023 . Retrieved 23 July 2018. Magee, Jonathan; Caudwell, Jayne; Liston, Kate; Scraton, Sheila, eds. (2007). Women, Football and Europe: Histories, Equity and Experience. International Football Institute Series. Vol.1. Meyer & Meyer Sport. ISBN 978-1-84126-225-3. Archived from the original on 27 February 2023 . Retrieved 23 July 2018.

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Rugby Rugby sevens; Fiji v Wales at the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne Griffins RFC Kotka, the rugby union team from Kotka, Finland, playing in the Rugby-7 Tournament in 2013 These codes have in common the prohibition of the use of hands (by all players except the goalkeeper, though outfield players can "throw-in" the ball when it goes out of play), unlike other codes where carrying or handling the ball by all players is allowed

Modern North American football grew out of a match between McGill University of Montreal and Harvard University in 1874. During the game, the two teams alternated between the rugby-based rules used by McGill and the Boston Game rules used by Harvard. [116] [117] [118] Within a few years, Harvard had both adopted McGill's rules and persuaded other U.S. university teams to do the same. On 23 November 1876, representatives from Harvard, Yale, Princeton, and Columbia met at the Massasoit Convention in Springfield, Massachusetts, agreeing to adopt most of the Rugby Football Union rules, with some variations. [119]

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Canadian Football Timelines (1860– present)". Football Canada. Archived from the original on 28 February 2007 . Retrieved 23 December 2006. s]ome smaller number with such overlooking, sorted into sides and standings, not meeting with their bodies so boisterously to trie their strength: nor shouldring or shuffing one an other so barbarously ... may use footeball for as much good to the body, by the chiefe use of the legges. [53]

Super Bowl XLVII: Baltimore Ravens (AFC,10-6) defeated San Francisco 49ers (NFC,11-4-1), Score: 34-31 Samoa rules – localised version adapted to Samoan conditions, such as the use of rugby football fields

Super Bowl XLIV: New Orleans Saints (NFC,13-3) defeated Indianapolis Colts (AFC,14-2), Score: 31-17 The first direct reference to scoring a goal is in John Day's play The Blind Beggar of Bethnal Green (performed circa 1600; published 1659): "I'll play a gole at camp-ball" (an extremely violent variety of football, which was popular in East Anglia). Similarly in a poem in 1613, Michael Drayton refers to "when the Ball to throw, and drive it to the Gole, in squadrons forth they goe".

Football in Public Schools". Spartacus Educational. Archived from the original on 17 May 2021 . Retrieved 7 November 2019. RFU". englandrugby.com. Archived from the original on 20 November 2021 . Retrieved 7 November 2019. Bailey, Steven (1995). "Living Sports History: Football at Winchester, Eton and Harrow". The Sports Historian. 15 (1): 34–53. doi: 10.1080/17460269508551675. Bossaball – mixes association football and volleyball and gymnastics; played on inflatables and trampolines.Bell's Life in London and Sporting Chronicle (London, England), Sunday, 13 January 1839. New Readerships