Bulk Glutamine Peptides Powder, 500 g, Packaging May Vary

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Lawrie TA, Green JT, Beresford M, et al. Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic cancers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Jan 23;1:CD012529. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012529.pub2. View abstract. Iwashita, S., Williams, P., Jabbour, K., Ueda, T., Kobayashi, H., Baier, S., and Flakoll, P. J. Impact of glutamine supplementation on glucose homeostasis during and after exercise. J Appl.Physiol 2005;99(5):1858-1865. View abstract. van den Berg, A., van Elburg, R. M., Westerbeek, E. A., Twisk, J. W., and Fetter, W. P. Glutamine-enriched enteral nutrition in very-low-birth-weight infants and effects on feeding tolerance and infectious morbidity: a randomized controlled trial. Am.J Clin.Nutr. 2005;81(6):1397-1404. View abstract. Most recently, a study of 23 resistance-trained men investigated the effects of taking glutamine with leucine. [21] The men were randomized into three groups and took either leucine (0.087 g/kg), leucine with glutamine (0.087 g/kg + 0.3 g/kg), or a placebo 30 minutes before and after a muscle-damaging exercise (100 drop-jumps), and again before and after recovery tests conducted 24, 48, and 72 hours afterward. Leucine led to better strength recovery at 72 hours only. Leucine with glutamine led to better strength recovery at 24, 48, and 72 hours. Muscle soreness, however, didn’t differ between groups. Chen, G., Xie, W., and Jiang, H. [Clinical observation of the protective effect of oral feeding of glutamine granules on intestinal mucous membrane]. Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi. 2001;17(4):210-211. View abstract.

Haisch, M., Fukagawa, N. K., and Matthews, D. E. Oxidation of glutamine by the splanchnic bed in humans. Am.J.Physiol Endocrinol.Metab 2000;278(4):E593-E602. View abstract. Vaughn, P., Thomas, P., Clark, R., and Neu, J. Enteral glutamine supplementation and morbidity in low birth weight infants. J.Pediatr. 2003;142(6):662-668. View abstract. Rastgoo S, Ebrahimi-Daryani N, Agah S, et al. Glutamine Supplementation Enhances the Effects of a Low FODMAP Diet in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Management. Front Nutr 2021;8:746703. View abstract. O'Riordain, M. G., De Beaux, A., and Fearon, K. C. Effect of glutamine on immune function in the surgical patient. Nutrition 1996;12(11-12 Suppl):S82-S84. View abstract.Darmaun, D., Hayes, V., Schaeffer, D., Welch, S., and Mauras, N. Effects of glutamine and recombinant human growth hormone on protein metabolism in prepubertal children with cystic fibrosis. J.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab 2004;89(3):1146-1152. View abstract. Lin JJ, Chung XJ, Yang CY, Lau HL. A meta-analysis of trials using the intention to treat principle for glutamine supplementation in critically ill patients with burn. Burns 2013;39(4):565-70. doi: 10.1016/j.burns.2012.11.008. View abstract. Eschbach LF, Webster MJ, Boyd JC, et al. The effect of siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus) on substrate utilization and performance. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2000;10:444-51. View abstract. Fillmann, H.; Kretzmann, N.A.; San-Miguel, B.; Llesuy, S.; Marroni, N.; González-Gallego, J.; Tunón, M.J. Glutamine inhibits over-expression of pro-inflammatory genes and down-regulates the nuclear factor kappaB pathway in an experimental model of colitis in the rat. Toxicology 2007, 236, 217–226. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef]

Glutamine’s benefits may be mediated by its effects on the intestinal barrier, as more recent evidence has begun to suggest. Prolonged endurance exercise is known to cause leaky gut — a condition in which heat stress and reduced blood flow to the gastrointestinal tract cause intestinal cell damage that loosens tight junctions between cells, allowing for the absorption of things that are not supposed to pass through the intestinal barrier. [30] Billiet, T.; Rutgeerts, P.; Ferrante, M.; Assche, G.V.; Vermeire, S. Targeting TNF-α for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Expert Opin. Biol. Ther. 2014, 14, 75–101. [ Google Scholar] Scolapio JS, Camilleri M, Fleming CR, et al. Effect Yoshida, S., Kaibara, A., Ishibashi, N., and Shirouzu, K. Glutamine supplementation in cancer patients. Nutrition 2001;17(9):766-768. View abstract.

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An early study of endurance athletes (marathoners and ultra-marathoners) reported that taking 5 grams of glutamine right after an athletic event and 2 hours later significantly reduced the occurrence of infections over the following week. [25] Specifically, 19% of the glutamine group reported illness, compared to half of the placebo group. It is only recently that glutamine studies have started exploring the lesser stress and catabolism caused by strenuous exercise. Some of these studies examined the effect of glutamine on body composition, others on muscle recovery, and yet others on the immune system. Body composition

Carcillo, J. A., Dean, J. M., Holubkov, R., Berger, J., Meert, K. L., Anand, K. J., Zimmerman, J., Newth, C. J., Harrison, R., Burr, J., Willson, D. F., and Nicholson, C. The randomized comparative pediatric critical illness stress-induced immune suppression (CRISIS) prevention trial. Pediatr.Crit Care Med. 2012;13(2):165-173. View abstract.Garrel, D., Patenaude, J., Nedelec, B., Samson, L., Dorais, J., Champoux, J., D'Elia, M., and Bernier, J. Decreased mortality and infectious morbidity in adult burn patients given enteral glutamine supplements: a prospective, controlled, randomized clinical trial. Crit Care Med. 2003;31(10):2444-2449. View abstract.