Taylor, O. R. (August 3, 2000). "Monarch Watch 1999 Season Recoveries" (PDF). pp.1–11. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 6, 2014 . Retrieved July 5, 2021. The name "monarch" is believed to have been given in honor of King William III of England, as the butterfly's main color is that of the king's secondary title, Prince of Orange. [15] The monarch was originally described by Carl Linnaeus in his Systema Naturae of 1758 and placed in the genus Papilio. [16] In 1780, Jan Krzysztof Kluk used the monarch as the type species for a new genus, Danaus. Breeding monarchs prefer to lay eggs on swamp milkweed ( A. incarnata). [250] [251] [252] [253] [254] [255] However, A. incarnata is an early successional plant that usually grows at the margins of wetlands and in seasonally flooded areas. The plant is slow to spread via seeds, does not spread by runners and tends to disappear as vegetative densities increase and habitats dry out. [255] [256] Although A. incarnata plants can survive for up to 20 years, most live only two-five years in gardens. The species is not shade-tolerant and is not a good vegetative competitor. [256] See also [ edit ] Robert Michael Pyle suggested Danaus is a masculinized version of Danaë (Greek Δανάη), Danaus's great-great-granddaughter, to whom Zeus came as a shower of gold, which seemed to him a more appropriate source for the name of this butterfly. [19] Taxonomy [ edit ] White morph of the monarch in Hawaii called the white monarch Monarch butterfly, Ashbury, Sydney, 2023 Frey, D.; Leong, K. L. H.; Peffer, E.; Smidt, R. K.; Oberhauser, K. S. (1998). "Mating patterns of overwintering monarch butterflies ( Danaus plexippus (L.)) in California" (PDF). Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society. 52: 84–97.

Do My Monarch Butterflies Have OE? Ophryocystis elektroscirrha". Butterfly Fun Facts . Retrieved March 24, 2015. In both caterpillar and butterfly form, monarchs are aposematic, warding off predators with a bright display of contrasting colors to warn potential predators of their undesirable taste and poisonous characteristics. One monarch researcher emphasizes that predation on eggs, larvae or adults is natural, since monarchs are part of the food chain, thus people should not take steps to kill predators of monarchs. [111] U.S. Code § 319 - Landscaping and scenic enhancement". Ithaca, New York: Cornell Law School: Legal Information Institute. Archived from the original on March 1, 2021 . Retrieved July 7, 2021. (c) Encouragement of Pollinator Habitat and Forage Development and Protection on Transportation Rights-of-way.—In carrying out any program administered by Secretary under this title, the Secretary shall, in conjunction with willing States, as appropriate – (1) encourage integrated vegetation management practices on roadsides and other transportation rights-of-way, including reduced mowing; and (2) encourage the development of habitat and forage for Monarch butterflies, other native pollinators, and honey bees through Taylor, David. "Common Milkweed ( Asclepias syriaca L.)". Plant of the Week. United States Department of Agriculture: United States Forest Service. Archived from the original on June 4, 2021 . Retrieved July 9, 2021. Wade, Nicholas (June 1, 1990). "Choosing a National Bug". The New York Times . Retrieved September 27, 2017.

Solensky, Michelle J. (November 2004). "The Effect of Behavior and Ecology on Male Mating Success in Overwintering Monarch Butterflies ( Danaus plexippus)". Journal of Insect Behavior. 17 (6): 723–743. doi: 10.1023/b:joir.0000048985.58159.0d. ISSN 0892-7553. S2CID 31954178. a b c d e f g "Guide to Monarch Instars". Monarch Joint Venture. 2021. Archived from the original on August 13, 2021 . Retrieved October 1, 2021.

encourage the development of habitat and forage for Monarch butterflies, other native pollinators, and honey bees through plantings of native forbs and grasses, including noninvasive, native milkweed species that can serve as migratory way stations for butterflies and facilitate migrations of other pollinators. [216]

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a b Semmens, Brice X.; Semmens, Darius J.; Thogmartin, Wayne E.; Wiederholt, Ruscena; López-Hoffman, Laura; Diffendorfer, Jay E.; Pleasants, John M.; Oberhauser, Karen S.; Taylor, Orley R. (2016). "Quasi-extinction risk and population targets for the Eastern, migratory population of monarch butterflies ( Danaus plexippus)". Scientific Reports. 6: 23265. Bibcode: 2016NatSR...623265S. doi: 10.1038/srep23265. PMC 4800428. PMID 26997124.

Egg". Monarch Joint Venture. 2021. Archived from the original on July 11, 2021 . Retrieved October 6, 2021.

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Eastern and midwestern monarchs are apparently experiencing problems reaching Mexico. A number of monarch researchers have cited recent evidence obtained from long-term citizen science data that show that the number of breeding (adult) monarchs has not declined in the last two decades. [176] [177] [178]