R00374 Wall Stickers Monkeys Jungle Liana Bananas Wall Decoration Child Bedroom Nursery Nest Bedroom

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Poorter L, Bongers L, Bongers F (2006) Architecture of 54 moist-forest tree species: traits, trade-offs, and functional groups. Ecology 87(5):1289–1301 In a separate bowl you will then prepare the ‘dry ingredients’. Start off with sifting the flour, bicarbonate of soda and baking powder into the bowl. Then add the cinnamon and sugar. Transfer the mixture to a greased baking tin – either a loaf tin or a round tin is fine – I have somehow lost my loaf tin, so I had to use a round one (!) As a cereal topper. They are a rich source of protein making them a good food to include with breakfast. Add a chopped banana to a bowl of porridge and you’ll have plenty of energy to see you through the morning. Banana Ice Cream– this is a favourite one in our family. We quite often use up our ripe bananas in our Andrew James Ice Cream Maker.

Whenever we have ripe bananas hanging about I tend to make our family favourite banana bread. But today, with less time to wait for the oven to bake the banana cake, I decided to try out making banana muffins instead. The alternative option is to not add half a portion of Nutella to the batter; save it all for the swirling. Make a well in the middle of the dry flour mix and pour in the wet egg mixture. Gently stir it together. 6. Transfer to a baking tin a sweet food made with a mixture of flour, eggs, fat, and sugar” (reference Cambridge Dictionary) Banana Bread Variations We hypothesized that liana nutrient niches would increase with traits that reflect nutrient requirements and use and especially with leaf P because P is often limiting in old weathered and leached tropical soils (Vitousek et al. 2010). Soil nutrient niches were indeed closely associated with leaf nutrient concentrations; soil nutrient niches increased with leaf P (for soil P and K), and leaf K (for soil P and N), and decreased with leaf N (for soil P and K; Table 3, Fig. 3b). In addition, soil K niches could also be predicted by the multivariate tissue toughness spectrum (Table S4, Fig. 3c), with species bearing softer tissues occupying higher resource niches. Species with tough and persistent tissues can retain nutrients for a longer time in their leaves and branches, and as a result have lower nutrient requirements, and can better persist under low soil resource conditions (Aerts 1996). Functional traits were not associated with liana abundanceSpecific leaf area (SLA, mm 2 mg −1) was calculated as the leaf area per unit leaf dry mass. Petioles were not included in the SLA calculation as they can be very large for rainforest species, and because they are more related to leaf positioning than biomass efficiency for leaf display. For compound leaves, SLA was based on all available leaflets, but the rachis was not included in the SLA calculation because rachis was much heavier than the sum of the leaflets. Leaf dry matter content (LDMC, mg g −1) was calculated as the leaf dry mass divided by the leaf water-saturated fresh mass. Leaf density (LD, g cm −3) is the leaf dry mass per unit leaf volume, and it was calculated as 1/(SLA × LT). The minor vein density (VD, mm mm −2) was calculated as the total length of minor veins per unit area. Stomatal pore index (SPI, unitless) was calculated as SD × SL2. Wood density (WD, g cm −3) was calculated as branch wood dry mass over branch fresh wood volume without bark. Specific root length (SRL, m g −1) was calculated as the root length per unit root dry mass. Soil nutrient niches Hetherington AM, Woodward FI (2003) The role of stomata in sensing and driving environmental change. Nature 424(6951):901–908

Mash the ripe bananas with a fork or potato masher, they should be easy to mash up, if they are not it could mean they are not ripe enough. Schnitzer SA (2015) The ecology of lianas in forest ecosystems. In: Peh K, Corlett R, Bergeron Y (eds) Handbook of ecology. Routledge Publishing, New York, pp 185–197 This Nutella banana bread follows this same banana bread recipe but with the addition of some chocolate spread! Tyree MT, Davis SD, Cochard H (1994) Biophysical perspectives of xylem evolution: is there a tradeoff of hydraulic efficiency for vulnerability to dysfunction? IAWA J 15(4):335 When freezing banana slices, you need to flash freeze them on a sheet tray first. If you skip this step, the pieces will clump together, and you’ll find it difficult to use them later, especially if you don’t intend to use them all.

Making Banana Muffins

For desserts like muffins, bread, and more, you need to allow the bananas to defrost completely before using them. I now disagree more than ever with the digital-age adage that “now everyone is a photographer.” Tens of thousands of dollars in education, equipment and experience separate me from the pros. Professional photographers, like any other artists or business owners, need to spend money to make money. When you hire them, you’re helping them pay for their investments. The ingredients you will need for banana muffins are generally ones you’ll already have – and of course some ripe bananas! If you really want to make this recipe, but your bananas aren’t quite ripe enough, you can try out some different methods on how to ripen bananas. Banana Muffin Ingredients Make a well in the centre and pour the ‘wet ingredients’ into the middle. Again, gently mix everything together, you don’t need to go crazy with the wooden spoon, just some gentle stirring until everything is combined. Whether you’ve bought too many, or your bananas are starting to turn bad, there is always a use for them. Not only will you be cutting down on unnecessary food waste, you’ll be spreading the natural health benefits ofour favourite yellowfruit.

Wright SJ, Kitajima K, Kraft NJB, Reich PB, Wright IJ, Bunker DE, Condit R, Dalling JW, Davies SJ, Díaz S, Engelbrecht BMJ, Harms KE, Hubbell SP, Marks CO, Ruiz-Jaen MC, Salvador CM, Zanne AE (2010) Functional traits and the growth-mortality trade-off in tropical trees. Ecology 91(12):3664–3674 If you can wait a little longer for the bananas to ripen, place them in an airing cupboard or next to a radiator for 1 to 2 days. The gentle heat will ripen them up gradually – just don’t forget they are in a cupboard! Lines-Kelly R (2000) Soil sense: soil management for NSW North Coast farmers: library. NSW Agriculture Baked banana with melted chocolate. This is beyond delicious. In the summer we love wrapping a banana in foil and popping it on the BBQ. When it’s cooked we drizzle Nutella all over it. Yum.As part of a weight loss/healthy eating plan. The average banana has around 100 calories, yet is nutrient rich. They are high in fibre, making them great for healthy bowel movement. Kitajima K, Llorens A-M, Stefanescu C, Timchenko MV, Lucas PW, Wright SJ (2012) How cellulose-based leaf toughness and lamina density contribute to long leaf lifespans of shade-tolerant species. New Phytol 195(3):640–652 One theory is that it was created by enterprising housewives who were looking for ways to use up overripe bananas before they went bad. Gradually add in the beaten eggs and mix before adding the flour, baking powder and ground cinnamon. Benlloch-González M, Arquero O, Fournier JM, Barranco D, Benlloch M (2008) K+ starvation inhibits water-stress-induced stomatal closure. J Plant Physiol 165(6):623–630

When making this recipe, make sure you use ripe bananas. Similar to when making banana bread, they will be sweeter and much easier to mash up to a smooth mix than a less ripe banana. I tend to keep some frozen blueberries in the freezer – they are really handy to have on standby for popping into smoothies, or for mixing in when making overnight oats.Gently stir in the mashed bananas, together with the chocolate chips, until everything is well mixed together. Add the softened chocolate spread to the mixture, and swirl the Nutella through the batter using a skewer. It’s as easy as making regular banana bread – in fact, I used virtually the same recipe, I just added in the chocolate chips and reduced the sugar amount slightly. If you intend to use bananas in a smoothie, banana bread, or any other recipe that calls for mashed bananas, then it’s a good idea to freeze them whole. Estrada-Villegas S, Schnitzer SA (2018) A comprehensive synthesis of liana removal experiments in tropical forests. Biotropica 50(5):729–739