Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria Many brands are using Mondia whytei in their products, and if you search for " mulondo capsule" on your search engine, you will be bombarded with many stamina booster capsules that boast to increase your sexual power and stamina.

Nutritional value/food The early Portuguese in Angola boiled the leaves with butter or olive oil to substitute it for spinach. In South Africa the root is sometimes cooked with meat to enhance the flavour. The plant has great nutritional value as it contains the vitamins A, D, K and E, and the minerals, magnesium, zinc, iron, calcium and protein. Growing Mondia whitei Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals are essential biochemical byproducts required for cell signaling and vital physiological processes. But excessive production and unhinging amounts are the basis for alteration in cellular redox equilibrium, which ultimately leads to disruption of normal biological functions. Subsequently, an imbalanced cellular mechanism among activities of ROS and antioxidant/scavenging defense systems results in oxidative stress (OS) [ 1]. OS and free radical arbitrated reactions are implicated in the pathogenesis, progression, and severity of many diseases such as cancer [ 2– 5], cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis [ 6], diabetes [ 7, 8], neurodegenerative diseases [ 9], and aging [ 10], which are significant causes of death globally [ 11] and whose underlying mechanisms are poorly understood until date. To experience the potential advantages of Mondia Whitei, we recommend a dosage of approximately two to three capsules twice a day as a dietary supplement. Gundidza GM, Mmbengwa VM, Magwa ML, Ramalivhana NJ, Mukwevho NT, Ndaradzi W et al (2009) Aphrodisiac properties of some Zimbabwean medicinal plants formulations. Afr J Biotechnol 8(22):6402–6407 Galucio NC, Moysés DD, Pina JR, Marinho PS, Gomes Júnior PC, Cruz JN et al (2022) Antiproliferative, genotoxic activities and quantification of extracts and cucurbitacin B obtained from Luffa operculata (L.) Cogn. Arab J Chem 15 (2):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103589Gravel SP, Hulea L, Toban N, Birman E, Blouin MJ, Zakikhani M et al (2014) Serine deprivation enhances antineoplastic activity of biguanides. Cancer Res 74(24):7521–7533. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-14-2643-T The mechanism by which the permeability transition pore opening can be stimulated includes response to mitochondrial calcium overload, increase in the generation of reactive oxygen species, and increase in the cytosolic inorganic phosphate (Pi) level through the activation of mATPase. mATPase is the same mitochondrial ATP synthase that performs the bifunctional role of ATP synthesis under physiological conditions and hydrolysis of ATP in its headpiece (catalytic) region in pathological conditions ( 19). In this study, levels of Pi generated via ATPase activity at physiological pH were found to be low. This means that there is a reduction in the level of Pi of the treated animals which is one of the inducers of mitochondrial pore opening. Hydrolysis of ATP by mATPase is one of the underlining factors that can lead to a concomitant increase in Pi concentration and eventual increase in lipid peroxidation and mPT opening ( 20). Biopharmaceutics Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kampala International University Western Campus, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda

Plant extracts must be investigated against either Serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT), Dopamine transporter (DAT) and Noradrenalin transporter (NAT) receptors in vitro.where Ac is the absorbance of control and As is the absorbance of extracts/ascorbic acid. IC 50 value (a concentration at 50% inhibition) was determined from the curve between percentage inhibition and concentration. All determinations were done in duplicate, and the IC 50 value was calculated by using the equation of the line. Determination of cytotoxicity effects of MWL extracts Plants For A Future can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally.

Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. Onohuean H, Aigbogun EO Jr, Igere BE (2022) Meta-synthesis and science mapping analysis of HIV / HPV co-infection: a global perspective with emphasis on Africa, pp 1–20 Pooley, E. 2005. A fieldguide to wildflowers of KwaZulu-Natal and the Eastern Region . The Flora Publication Trust, Durban. Nemati F, Dehpouri AA, Eslami B, Mahdavi V, Mirzanejad S (2013) Cytotoxic properties of some medicinal plant extracts from Mazandaran, Iran. Iran Red Crescent Med J 15(11):e8871. https://doi.org/10.5812/ircmj.8871 One of the significant defensive mechanisms against radical-induced oxidative and nitrosative stress is the nonenzymatic antioxidant defense mechanism. Plant foods, vegetables, and fruit are highly rich in antioxidant properties, which could help prevent chronic diseases caused by oxidative stress. Plant phytochemicals such as flavonoids, carotenoids, phenolic acids, and terpenoids are indicated to be responsible for their enormous antioxidant properties [ 21, 22, 23].Azwanida NN (2015) A review on the extraction methods use in medicinal plants, principle, strength and limitation. Med. Aromat Plants 4(3):3–8 Previous studies have established that in addition to TH, FSH has inhibitory effects on programmed cell death. This shows that an increase in the levels of these androgenic hormones as observed in this study is an indication of the cytoprotective effects of Mondia whitei. The cytoprotective effects of progesterone especially in neuronal cell death may also occur via an indirect pathway in which the hormone is converted to estradiol ( 21, 22). Estrogen treatment increases the mitochondrial capacity for oxidative phosphorylation while simultaneously decreasing reactive oxygen species production. Specifically, progesterone inhibits mitochondrial complex I in a similar fashion to rotenone ( 23, 24). This finding suggests that although these hormones may not be supplemented in the diet, administration of the extracts and fractions of Mondia whitei can elicit the upregulation of the in vivo biosynthesis of these hormones. Hirai K, Yokoyama M, Asano G, Tanaka S (1999) Expression of cathepsin B and cystatin C in human colorectal cancer. Hum Pathol 30(6):680–686. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0046-8177(99)90094-1

Tincture: Take one dropper full (30 drops) twice a day. May increase up to one dropperful four times daily. Asteraceae (Compositae) as a plant family is known to have diverse therapeutic applications, and has a long history in traditional medicine ( Rolnik et al., 2021). Members of the Asteraceae are commonly used to treat various diseases since ancient times ( Panda et al., 2018), including the observation in the current review ( Figure 4). Asteraceae are known to produce a large quantity of terpenoids, such as hemiterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, monoterpene and polyterpenes, and flavonoids, with common flavonols, quercetin and kaempferol and flavones apigenin and luteolin being widely distributed ( Hutchings et al., 1996; Sülsen et al., 2017). Trigo et al. (2003) isolated and identified pyrrolizidine alkaloids of the senecionine, platyphylline, rosmarinine, senkirkine subgroups and triangularine group from the inflorescences of 14 Senecio (Asteraceae), one of the largest genera of flowering plants distributed worldwide. Sarker et al. (2001) investigated a methanolic extract from the seeds of Centaurea cyanus L. (Asteraceae) using preparative RP-HPLC analysis and afforded four alkaloids of the indole variety: moschamine, cis-moschamine, centcyamine and cis-centcyamine. Existing pharmacological studies have reported the antidepressant-like activity of Artemisia dracunculus L. (Asteraceae) in animal models of depression ( Jahani et al., 2019; Ilkhanizadeh et al., 2021) . Although these studies did not isolate or identify any phytochemicals in their experiments, several phenolic compounds, such as, syringic acid, vanillic acid, chlorogen Mulondo is known for its properties that can cure your ED. As mentioned earlier, the mulondo herb is responsible for awaking and increasing blood flow to some areas in your body, and when your blood flow increases, it will ultimately help you with your erectile dysfunction.

Indicate the traditional use, safety and toxicity of medicinal plants for depression and related ailments (e.g. headache, sorrow, mourning, nervousness, stress, tension, mental illness known as “spirits,” alcoholism, insomnia, insanity, feeling like crying) in South Africa Braca A, De Tommasi N, Di Bari L, Pizza C, Politi M, Morelli I (2001) Antioxidant principles from Bauhinia t arapotensis. J Nat Prod 64(7):892–895 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Sciences and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda