Joined in 2023 
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63 About this deal
McGarry, John (2010). Weller, Marc; Nobbs, Katherine (eds.). Asymmetric Autonomy and the Settlement of Ethnic Conflicts. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. pp.148–179. ISBN 978-0-8122-4230-0. {{ cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= ( help) you were their family member by 31 December 2020 (this does not apply to children born or adopted after this date)
In a non-binding referendum in June 2016—the result of which the government promised to implement—the United Kingdom voted to withdraw from the EU. The UK government triggered Article 50 on 29 March 2017. [22] After an extended period of negotiation and internal political debate the United Kingdom eventually withdrew from the EU on 31 January 2020 concluding the first phase of the Brexit process. The admission of a new state the Union is limited to liberal democracies and Freedom House ranks all EU states as being totally free electoral democracies. [52] All but 4 are ranked at the top 1.0 rating. [53] However, the exact political system of a state is not limited, with each state having its own system based on its historical evolution. Regional and minority languages in the European Union" (PDF) (PDF). European Parliament Members' Research Service. September 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 May 2018 . Retrieved 16 January 2019. The European Union ( EU) is a supranational political and economic union of 27 member states that are located primarily in Europe. [7] [8] The union has a total area of 4,233,255km 2 (1,634,469sqmi) and an estimated total population of over 448 million. The EU has often been described as a sui generis political entity (without precedent or comparison) combining the characteristics of both a federation and a confederation. [9] [10] More than two thirds (68.2%) of EU inhabitants lived in urban areas in 2020, which is slightly less than the world average. [232] Cities are largely spread out across the EU with a large grouping in and around the Benelux. [238] The EU contains about 40 urban areas with populations of over 1 million. With a population of over 13 million, [239] Paris is the largest metropolitan area and the only megacity in the EU. [240] Paris is followed by Madrid, Barcelona, Berlin, the Ruhr, Milan, and Rome, all with a metropolitan population of over 4 million.In contrast to some international organisations, the EU's style of integration as a union of states does not "emphasise sovereignty or the separation of domestic and foreign affairs [and it] has become a highly developed system for mutual interference in each other's domestic affairs, right down to beer and sausages.". [36] However, on defence and foreign policy issues (and, pre- Lisbon Treaty, police and judicial matters) less sovereignty is transferred, with issues being dealt with by unanimity and co-operation. Very early on in the history of the EU, the unique state of its establishment and pooling of sovereignty was emphasised by the Court of Justice: [37] Settled status gives you proof that you have the right to live in the UK permanently. You can usually apply for British citizenship once you’ve had settled status for 12 months. The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is the agricultural policy of the European Union. It implements a system of agricultural subsidies and other programmes. It was introduced in 1962 and has since then undergone several changes to reduce the EEC budget cost (from 73% in 1985 to 37% in 2017) and consider rural development in its aims. It has, however, been criticised on the grounds of its cost and its environmental and humanitarian effects.
Your rights in the UK are not protected unless you have applied to the EU Settlement Scheme and received a certificate of application. Previous UK European elections". BBC News. 2 June 1999. Archived from the original on 24 April 2003 . Retrieved 14 May 2016. The 1951 treaty which created the European Coal and Steel Community (a precursor to the European Economic Community and later European Union) provided for a representative assembly of members drawn from the participating nations' national parliaments. In June 1979, the nine EEC countries held the first direct elections to the European Parliament. The deadline for most people to apply to the EU Settlement Scheme was 30 June 2021. This deadline does not apply if you already have pre-settled status and you’re applying for settled status. If all tests are required then do not store, but send as soon as possible at ambient temperature to the laboratory.
There are 1851 five-letter words containing E and U
OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms - EU15 Definition". stats.oecd.org. Archived from the original on 26 October 2019 . Retrieved 13 August 2019. Internationalism and visions of European unity had been around since well before the 19th century, but gained particularly as a reaction to World War I and its aftermath. In this light first advances for the idea of European integration were made. In 1920 John Maynard Keynes proposed a European customs union for the struggling post-war European economies, [24] and in 1923 the oldest organization for European integration, the Paneuropean Union was founded, lead by Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi, who later would found in June 1947 the European Parliamentary Union (EPU). As French prime minister and follower of the Paneuropean Union Aristide Briand ( Nobel Peace Prize laureate for the Locarno Treaties) delivered a widely recognized speech at the League of Nations in Geneva on 5 September 1929 for a federal Europe to secure Europe and settle the historic Franco-Germanenmity. [25] [26] Hypokalaemia is defined as serum potassium <3.5mmol/L. Severe hypokalaemia is defined as a serum potassium level <3.0mmol/L, which can destabilise the myocardium. In most cases, where there is a clear history implicating dehydration (e.g. vomiting/diarrhoea), treatment involves gentle rehydration with intravenous hypotonic fluids (e.g. 5% dextrose). Peel, Q; etal. (26 March 2010). "Deal shows Merkel has staked out strong role]". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 4 June 2010 . Retrieved 15 June 2010.
The European Union has seven principal decision-making bodies, its institutions: the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council of the European Union, the European Commission, the Court of Justice of the European Union, the European Central Bank and the European Court of Auditors. Competence in scrutinising and amending legislation is shared between the Council of the European Union and the European Parliament, while executive tasks are performed by the European Commission and in a limited capacity by the European Council (not to be confused with the aforementioned Council of the European Union). The monetary policy of the eurozone is determined by the European Central Bank. The interpretation and the application of EU law and the treaties are ensured by the Court of Justice of the European Union. The EU budget is scrutinised by the European Court of Auditors. There are also a number of ancillary bodies which advise the EU or operate in a specific area. If potassium is <3mmol/L (severe hypokalaemia) or ECG changes are present, intravenous potassium replacement is indicated. There are a number of overseas member state territories which are legally part of the EU, but have certain exemptions based on their remoteness; see Overseas Countries and Territories Association. These "outermost regions" have partial application of EU law and in some cases are outside of Schengen or the EU VAT area—however they are legally within the EU. [12] They all use the euro as their currency. Includes the overseas regions of French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, Réunion, Saint Barthélemy, Saint Pierre and Miquelon and the overseas collectivity of Saint Martin. Excludes the overseas collectivities of French Polynesia and Wallis and Futuna; the special collectivity of New Caledonia; Clipperton Island; and the French Southern and Antarctic Lands. If a state fails to comply with the law of the European Union, it may be fined or have funds withdrawn.Council of the European Union. " Encouraging Structural Reforms and Investment: Flexibility of the Stability and Growth Pact Rules." Christians in the EU include Catholics of both Roman and Eastern Rite, numerous Protestant denominations with Lutherans, Anglicans, and Reformed forming the majority of Protestant affiliations, and the Eastern Orthodox Church. In 2009, the EU had an estimated Muslim population of 13million, [264] and an estimated Jewish population of over a million. [265] The other world religions of Buddhism, Hinduism, and Sikhism are also represented in the EU population. Beyond the formal withdrawal of a member state, there are a number of independence movements such as Catalonia or Flanders which could result in a similar situation to Greenland. Were a territory of a member state to secede but wish to remain in the EU, some scholars claim it would need to reapply to join as if it were a new country applying from scratch. [24] However, other studies claim internal enlargement is legally viable if, in case of a member state dissolution or secession, the resulting states are all considered successor states. [25] There is also a European Citizens' Initiative that aims at guaranteeing the continuity of rights and obligations of the European citizens belonging to a new state arising from the democratic secession of a European Union member state. [26] In 2012, the EU received the Nobel Peace Prize for having "contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation, democracy, and human rights in Europe". [53] [54] In 2013, Croatia became the 28th EU member. [55] See also: European Institute of Innovation and Technology Erasmus of Rotterdam, the Renaissance humanist after whom the Erasmus Programme is named
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