The Pacific King and the MilitantPrince?: Representation and Collaboration in the Letters Patent of James I, creating his son, Henry, Prince of Wales];

Henry was not present for the performance - he was at his residence at Richmond on St Georges Day (23rd April) 1610 when the triumph was performed. On the 4th June 1610 Henry took part in a lavish ceremony which celebrated his coming of age and creation as Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester. Precedents were remote. England had not witnessed the creation of a Prince of Wales since Henry VIII’s installation in 1504 – some 106 years earlier. Interestingly therefore, Henry was not formally the Prince of anything when the triumph was performed. Attending to plays had the benefit of an indulgence of "1040 days of pardon" according to the Encyclopedia of Literary and Typograpical Anecdote. This is despite the Fourth Lateran Council (1215) banning all indulgences of longer than 40 days. The Pope's initial edict also contained the provision "that every person who disturbed the plays would be accursed by the Pope until absolved thereof" Maconie, Stuart (2008), Pies and Prejudice: In search of the North, Ebury Press, ISBN 978-0091910235 (p. 300-301) Chester was endowed by Hugo with two yearly fairs, at Midsummer and Michaelmas, on which occasions criminals had free shelter in it for a month, as indicated by a glove hung out at St. Peter's Church, — for gloves were a manufacture at Chester. It was on these occasions that the celebrated Chester mysteries, or scriptural plays, were performed.Sharpe's extracts" is a reference to the Coventry plays. The last play occurred around nightfall. This was Doomsday, the end of the world, when all would be judged. In this there was a huge monstrous head with a massive gaping mouth from which bellowed smoke and flames. Occasionally the devil would leap out and grab someone and, amid the roars of the crowd, drag them screaming through the mouth and into hell. Doomsday ended spectacularly with a huge model of the world bursting into flames. Other expenses at Coventry included: Animals put on trial were almost invariably either domesticated ones (most often pigs, but also bulls, horses, and cows) or pests such as rats and weevils. [8] [9] Basel case [ edit ] This article is about legal proceedings involving animals. For the use of animals in drug trials and other experiments, see animal testing. Illustration from Chambers Book of Days depicting a sow and her piglets being tried for the murder of a child. The trial allegedly took place in 1457, the mother being found guilty and the piglets acquitted. Dancing did not return to the village greens until the restoration of Charles II. ‘The Merry Monarch’ helped ensure the support of his subjects with the erection of a massive 40 metre high maypole in London’s Strand. This pole signalled the return of the fun times, and remained standing for almost fifty years. It was not to be. The "coming man" did not come to Chester for the Triumph. At the age of 18, the man who had been prepared for rulership all his life was taken ill after a swim in the Thames near his home at Richmond. His symptoms suggest he had water-borne typhoid fever, from which he died. Charles eventually inherited the throne 13 years later, having had little of the preparation Henry had for the role. His reign ended with the English Civil War and the king being executed, sparking a century of tumult and conflict. Chester sided with Charles and he used the City to prosecute a war for his own ends, and lost all. For Chester, the consequences of that war and the plague which followed left the city with social and economic difficulties from which recovery was very slow.

Julian Barnes describes a trial against a woodworm in his 1989 book A History of the World in 10½ Chapters. Woodburn Hyde, Walter (May 1916). "The Prosecution and Punishment of Animals and Lifeless Things in the Middle Ages and Modern Times". University of Pennsylvania Law Review and American Law Register. 64 (7): 696–730. doi: 10.2307/3313677. JSTOR 3313677– via JSTOR.Stewart, Will (17 November 2019). "Brown bear serving prison sentence in human jail for GBH released after 15 years". mirror. In the same way, it is through the trials of pigs that not only the direct author of the crime is recognized, but there could also be "accomplices", as in the case of the village of Saint-Marcel-le-Jeussey in 1379, in which two herds of these animals were said to have rioted and expressed the approval of an infanticide committed by other pigs; although the pigs found guilty of homicide were sentenced to execution, thanks to the request of the owner of the two herds to the Duke of Burgundy, the animals accused of complicity were pardoned. [5]

Chambers Book of Days ( The Book of Days: A Miscellany of Popular Antiquities in Connection with the Calendar, Including Anecdote, Biography, & History, Curiosities of Literature and Oddities of Human Life and Character) [1] was written by the Scottish author Robert Chambers and first published in 1864. Initially those who had been married in the previous year offered a "homage" to the Drapers company. This was later changed to a silver arrow for which the town archers competed. The Saddlers gave a ball of silk which was fought over by the crowd into which it was thrown.a b Evans, Edward (1906). "The criminal prosecution and capital punishment of animals". The Project Gutenberg EBook.

Chambers' Chester "Easter" does not restrict itself to the date given, but touches on a number of festivals and events through the year from Easter to Michaelmas. Cohen, Esther (1986), "Law, Folklore and Animal Lore", Past and Present, Oxford University Press, 110: 6–37, doi: 10.1093/past/110.1.6 . The city was indeed the seat of Hugh of Avranches. The sword does not appear to be on public display at the British Museum. a b "Brown Bear Released from 15-Year Prison Life in a Human Jail, to Live in Zoo Now". News18. 18 November 2019. The reference to "criminals" may not be entirely accurate and may be a confusion. Earl Hugh established three "asyla" in Cheshire and the King's writ did not run to Cheshire, where the Earl enforced the law (save for treason). These asyla were at Hoole Heath near Chester, Overmarsh near Farndon and Rud Heath near Middlewich. These were places to which a felon from any place in England (or Wales) could flee and seek the protection of the Earl. A "glove" (actually a wooden hand) was hung from the end of St Peter's (see Gloverstone) during the time of the fairs. Crimes committed during the course of the fairs were not exempted.A wooden hand (not a glove) is shown hanging from the side of St Peter's at the High Cross in this engraving. The Pentice has gone, so this is after 1803. See: Gloverstone for more. The Ale-Wife often got a negative portrayal in the late medieval or early modern period. This varied from the seductive bar-maid to witch-like figures. The Ale-wife in the Chester play also rode with the Devil in the Midsummer Watch Parade - with her "cannes and cuppes" - until she was banned. 'Wo be to the tyme when I came heare. Some tyme I was a taverner, A gentill gossipe and a tapstere, Of wyne and ale a trustie brewer, Which wo hath me wroughte: Of cannes I kept no trewe measuer, My cuppes I soulde at my pleasure, Deceavinge manye a creature. With hoppes I made my ale stronge, Ashes and erbes I blend among, And marred so good mm-the; Therefore I may my handes wringe, Shake my cannes, and cuppes ringe; Sorrowful may I siche and singe That ever I so dealt.' Chester did have a local variant of "mob football" which nowadays might be called "no-rules football". It has been described as follows: "upon Goteddsday (Shrove Tuesday) at the Crosse upon the Rood Dee, before the Mayor of the Cittie did offer unto the company of Drapers an homage, a ball of leather, called a footeball, of the value of 3s 4d, which was played for by the Shoemakers and Saddlers to bring it to the house of the Mayor or either of the Sherriffs. Much harm was done, some having their bodies bruised and crushed, some their armes, heads, legges".