Loss of productivity to water- and sanitation-related diseases costs many countries up to 5% of GDP. ( WHO, 2012) As a broader understanding of WASH in HCF has emerged, a more human-centered lens recognizes the critical role that facility management and behavior-centered programming play in achieving health outcomes. With lessons from past efforts informing the sub-sector, more comprehensive WASH approaches (including MCSP’s Clean Clinic Approach and WHO’s WASHFIT model) include: Develop capacities of the health workforce to sustain WASH services and promote and practice good hygiene.

In the context of SDG 6, hygiene is included in the indicator for Target 6.2: "Proportion of population using [...] (b) a hand-washing facility with soap and water" [10] UNICEF supports the Government of India’s flagship programmes, including the Swachh Bharat Mission, the Jal Jeevan Mission and WASH in Schools (including preschools called ‘anganwadis’). WHO provides reliable and credible WASH data to inform policies and programmes including on WASH risk factors and burden of disease, the status of key output indicators for WASH, progress towards relevant WASH-related SDG targets, the enabling environment for WASH including WASH finance, and wastewater and SDG 6 interlinkages.Blog: Examining the pandemic’s impact on the irrigation and drainage sector and opportunities for recovery Yo cocino para los dos si tú prometes lavar los platos después. // Nuestros invitados se ofrecieron a lavar los platos. Scope 2 includes "indirect emissions associated with the energy required by the activity". Companies that deal with water and wastewater services need energy for various processes. They use the energy mix that is available in the country. The higher the proportion of fossil fuels in the energy mix is, the higher the GHG emissions under Scope 2 will be high too. [109] :12 The processes that need energy include: water abstraction (e.g. groundwater pumping), drinking water storage, water conveyance, water treatment, water distribution, treatment of wastewater, water end use (e.g. water heating), desalination and wastewater reuse. [109] :20–24 For example, electrical energy is needed for pumping of sewage and for mechanical aeration in activated sludge treatment plants. Gender norms can negatively affect how men and women access water through such behavior expectations along gender lines—for example, when water collection is a woman's chore, men who collect water may face discrimination for performing perceived women's work. [83] Women are likely to be deterred from entering water utilities in developing countries because "social norms prescribe that it is an area of work that is not suitable for them or that they are incapable of performing well". [84] :13 Nevertheless, a study by World Bank in 2019 has found that the proportion of female water professionals has grown in the past few years. [84] :x Mitigating secondary impacts:WASH services and products are essential for well-functioning health care facilities and to avoid disrupting community livelihoods and wellbeing.

Esta oración no es una traducción de la original. Si se humedece pierde eficacia, hay que mantenerlo en un recipiente hermético y abrirlo lo menos posible.When looking at the emissions from the sanitation and wastewater sector most people focus on treatment systems, particularly treatment plants. This is because treatment plants require considerable energy input and are estimated to account for 3% of global electricity consumption. [114] This makes sense for high-income countries, where wastewater treatment is the biggest energy consumer compared to other activities of the water sector. [109] :23 The aeration processes that are used in many secondary treatment processes are particularly energy intensive (using about 50% of the total energy required for treatment). [109] :24 The amount of energy needed to treat wastewater depends on several factors: wastewater quantity and quality (i.e. how much and how polluted is it), treatment level required which in turn influences the type of treatment process that gets selected. [109] :23 The energy efficiency of the treatment process is another factor. [109] :23 Energy and electricity usage by water and wastewater services under Scope 2 of the carbon accounting method (Indirect emissions associated with energy) The WASH programme is also positioned to prevent malnutrition and preventable diseases, reduce neonatal mortality, and improve education outcomes.

Climate change poses increased risks to WASH systems, particular in Sub-Saharan Africa where access to safely managed basic sanitation is low. [121] In that region, it is the poorly managed WASH systems, for example in informal settlements, which make people more vulnerable to the effects of climate change than people elsewhere. [122] [123]

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Universal access to safe drinking water and adequate sanitation and hygiene would reduce the global disease burden by 10%. ( WHO, 2012) To respond to the COVID-19 pandemic, the World Bank Water Global Practice has developed a menu of solutions, including concrete actions to help our client governments in their preparedness and emergency response, and future resilience to similar epidemics. It has been estimated, using data from 2012 and 2013, that "wastewater treatment in centralized facilities contributes alone some 3% of global nitrous oxide emissions and 7% of anthropogenic methane emissions". [109] :11 Data from 2023 from centralized sewage treatment plants in the United States indicate that methane emissions are about twice the estimates provided by IPCC in 2019, i.e. 10.9 ± 7.0 compared to 4.3-6.1 MMT (million metric tons) CO 2-eq/yr. [111] [112]