SkinCeuticals Phloretin CF Serum

Product Information

Do not store it in the fridge after it has been opened. Do not store in the sun as it will destabilise the ingredients. Activates Nrf2 and suppresses the inflammatory phenotype of macrophages; reduces NO production and mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory genes (NOS2, IL-6, COX2, and IL-12); effect not seen in activated Nrf2-deficient macrophages; stimulates autophagy in an AMPK-dependent manner; activates the Nrf2 pathway through autophagy-mediated Keap1 degradation. Irritation:High concentrations (%15) of L-Ascorbic Acid – especially at the low pH (below 3) it needs to work its magic – can irritate skin, especially if it’s sensitive. Phloretin CF uses 10%, a concentration that’s sensitive skin-friendly. The 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro pyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson’s disease (PD) model in mice was employed to explore the neuroprotective effect of phloretin [ 103]. Beyond improving the behavioural symptoms of PD and striatal dopamine level, the increased expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in brain tissues were suppressed by phloretin treatment (5 mg/kg, p.o.). Moreover, microglial and astrocytes markers expression (glial fibrillary acidic protein, allograft inflammatory factor 1 (Iba-1), iNOS, and COX2), which were increased by MPTP, were also suppressed by phloretin. Given the small dose used in this study, phloretin can be considered a potent inhibitor of neuroinflammation under PD conditions. In the D-GalN-induced aging model of mice, the neuroprotective effect of phlorizin (20 and 40 mg/kg, p.o.) was shown by improvement in memory functions and reversal of histopathological alterations and biochemical parameters of oxidative stress (MDA content and SOD and CAT activities in the serum, liver, and brain) and inflammatory markers (NF-κB activation and IL-1β expression in brain tissues) [ 104]. Correlation between these changes and microbiota alterations as well as restoration also suggests the microbiota-brain axis of neuroprotection. It would be interesting to know whether phloretin could also show similar effects in this experimental model. In the LPS-induced cognitive impairment in mice, phlorizin (10–20 mg/kg, oral) also restored memory functions along with reversing the decreased level of antioxidants (SOD and GSH), the brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and cholinergic transmission (increased acetylcholinesterase (AChE)) in the hippocampus and cortex [ 105]. On the other hand, phlorizin reversed the increased levels of inflammatory/oxidative markers (TNF-α, IL-6, and MDA). In a sporadic rat model of Alzheimer’s disease induced by injection of Aβ 25–35, phloretin has been shown to improve the spatial memory formation and retention and antioxidant markers as well as the level of TNF-α in the brain homogenates [ 106].

One common link to the release of the above-mentioned proinflammatory mediators from activated macrophages is the nuclear transcription factor κ-B (NF-κB) which regulates the expression of several genes (e.g., chemokines, cytokines, and adhesion molecules) involved in inflammation. For details of NF-κB signalling, readers can refer to the numerous review articles in the field (e.g., [ 40, 41]). The NF-κB represents a family of protein transcription factors such as NF-κB1 (also named p50), NF-κB2 (also named p52), RelA (also named p65), RelB, and c-Rel. The expression of target genes happens when these transcription factors translocate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and bind (through their transcriptional transactivation domain at their C-terminus) to the κB enhancer region of the DNA. Since the NF-κB proteins are sequestered in the cytoplasm by binding to inhibitory proteins, including inhibitors of κB (IκB) family members (most important is IκBα, others include IκBβ, IκBε, and their precursors), releasing the NF-κB from the complex is a key cell signalling step in inflammatory genes activation. Many agents that activate the inflammatory pathway such as LPS stimulate the degradation of IκBα via the multi-subunit IκB kinase (IKK)-induced phosphorylation. This further triggers ubiquitin-dependent IκBα degradation in the proteasome, thereby allowing the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. The IKK itself is a complex of two kinases (IKKα and IKKβ) and other proteins and constitutes the classic example of the canonical NF-κB pathway of activation which is common to various immunostimulant-based macrophage activation: i.e., the IκBα degradation-execute the canonical activation pathway of NF-κB. A variety of inflammatory stimuli activate the canonical pathway in macrophages, and these include proinflammatory cytokines, pattern-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) binding to cognate receptors. The LPS is recognised in macrophages by Toll-like receptors (e.g., TLR4) and its stimulatory effect is orchestrated through the canonical pathway. Other pathways or the noncanonical NF-κB pathway of activation are, however, also known. Activation of macrophages to a phenotypically M1 state leads to the induction of inflammatory mediators (e.g., IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, and chemokines) which promotes the process of inflammation while the M2 phenotype leads to the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-10 and IL-13) which promote resolution of inflammation (e.g., during the wound healing stage) [ 42]. Most of the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of phloretin discussed in the following sections are associated with modulation of the above-mentioned signalling pathway of NF-κB including macrophage polarisation. I still prefer Vitamin C + Vitamin E + Ferulic acid to the Phloretin version, just because it’s been more researched during the years. But Phloretin is very promising, too. What you can see straight away is the brightening effect. Phloretin CF makes my skin glow! It also makes it a little softer and smoother. How Does Skinceuticals Phloretin CF Compare To Skinceuticals CE Ferulic? A final way that ascorbic acid can improve the appearance of your skin is through its ability to reduce the appearance of dark spots and correct uneven skin tone. This is accomplished through inhibition of melanin synthesis. Melanin is a pigment that gives our skin color, but too much of this pigment can lead to undesirable dark spots called hyperpigmentation. Ascorbic acid decreases melanin formation by inhibiting tyrosinase, an enzyme that is required for melanin synthesis. Thus, SkinCeuticals Phloretin CF can help the skin to appear brighter with less dark spots and a more even skin tone.

SkinCeuticals Phloretin CF - 30ml Reviews

Phloretin CF works as a better choice for Normal, Oily and Combination skin types dealing with visible signs of ageing and discolouration. SkinCeuticals CE Ferulic is a better option for Normal, Dry and Sensitive skin types experiencing fine lines, wrinkles and loss of firmness, also working to brighten the skin. The serum has an unusual consistency. It’s watery, yet it has a slight oil feel to it. It sinks into the skin immediately. I personally don’t mind it, but if you have very oily skin, it’s something to consider. Fragrance The crosstalk between AMPK, Nrf2, and SIRT1 pathways in the anti-inflammatory effect of phloretin. The activation of AMPK and SIRT1 are closely related in the regulation of metabolism and pathologies such as oxidative stress and inflammation. Activation of AMPK by phloretin via its phosphorylation as well as increased expression of SERT1 have been associated with its anti-inflammatory effect and modulation of lipid metabolism such as inhibition of lipid accumulation. This activity was further shown to be related to the induction of Nrf2 that suppresses both the oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways induced by a variety of agents including LPS. Increased SERT3 activity by phloretin is also reported. The red line shows the inhibitory response.

Related: The Truth About Alcohol-Free Skincare: What Does It Really Mean? (Hint: It’s Not What You Think) aqua / water / eau, dipropylene glycol, alcohol denat., ascorbic acid, butylene glycol, triethyl citrate, phloretin, ferulic acid About Gio For particularlyoily, acne-prone skin, I recommend you use products that contain AHAs (Glycolic Acid) and Azelaic Acid,' says DrUkeleghe. These make for a great addition to you pregnancy skincare routine, because they're also great for treating pigmentation. The Mask of Pregnancy Always put the serum in the fridge for 12 hours before you first use it to restabilise the ingredients. Do not shake the bottle before use. Evidence is now emerging in support of the PI3K/Akt pathway of NF-κB activation which is targeted by phloretin. Readers should bear in mind that this pathway is far too complex and in some cases, inhibition of the pathway displays protective effects while in others, it worsens the inflammation (see review, [ 121]). More research is thus needed to ascertain the significance of either enhancing or suppressing the PI3K/Akt pathway by phloretin.

Vitamin C Serums

Green: It’s effective, proven to work, and helps the product do the best possible job for your skin. Groundbreaking for its day, it has now become the gold standard for Vitamin C serums and inspired a long string of dupes (and lawsuits). Now they’re bringing another innovation, 15% L-Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) + Ferulic Acid + Phloretin. Will it be as successful as its predecessor? Only time will tell. Key Ingredients In Skinceuticals Phloretin CF: What Makes It Work? Increasing the uptake of phloretin in biological systems to improve its efficacy received some attention in recent years. This has also been tried out in inflammation research [ 156] but most of the studies are related to absorption from the skin given the wide application of the compound in skin products. Thus, polymeric nanocapsules loaded with phloretin [ 157], hydrophilic, and other lipophilic formulations [ 158], and absorption from skin lotions [ 159] have been studied. By using mixed polymeric-modified self-nanoemulsions, Wang et al. [ 160] have shown that the water solubility of phloretin can be enhanced 3000-fold, its bioavailability by 7.9-fold, and it is in vivo anti-inflammatory effect by 6.8-fold. The application of fast-dissolving nanofibers [ 161] and nanoparticles [ 162] including chitosan nanoparticles [ 163] for drug-resistant cells in cancer therapy using phloretin formulation has also been explored. Moreover, various other approaches are now adopted to formulate phloretin for a better therapeutic efficacy outcome and more research in this field will solve its limitation in bioavailability. Phloretin: Derived from apples and the root bark of fruit trees including apple, pear, and grapefruit, this antioxidant neutralizes damaging free radicals, helps improve cell turnover, and improves the appearance of discoloration