Abdel-Aal, E.S., Akhtar, H., Zaheer, K. and Ali, R.(2013). Dietary sources of lutein and zeaxanthin carotenoids and their role in eye health. Nutrients Hering, E. (1964) [1920]. Grundzüge der Lehre vom Lichtsinn[ Outlines of a theory of the light sense]. Translated by Hurvich, L. M.; Jameson, D. Berlin: Springer. Dorgan, J. F., Boakye, N. A., Fears, T. R., Schleicher, R. L., Helsel, W., Anderson, C., Robinson, J., Guin, J. D., Lessin, S., Ratnasinghe, L. D., and Tangrea, J. A. Serum carotenoids and alpha-tocopherol and risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer. Cancer Epidemiol.Biomarkers Prev. 2004;13(8):1276-1282. View abstract. Images captured with a camera in weakly illuminated environments are often degraded. For example, these types of images with low contrast and low light, reduce visibility. The object and detail information cannot be captured, which can reduce the performance of image-based analysis systems, such as computer vision systems, image processing systems and intelligent traffic analysis systems [ 1, 2, 3].

Eye conditions such as glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy can lead to eye vision loss if they are not detected early enough, but there are positive lifestyle changes you can make to reduce your risk of developing them. Bartlett, H. E. and Eperjesi, F. A randomised controlled trial investigating the effect of lutein and antioxidant dietary supplementation on visual function in healthy eyes. Clin.Nutr. 2008;27(2):218-227. View abstract.What's more, they use lutein and zeaxanthin that come from a natural source of marigolds and are purified in a standardised extraction process to ensure that each vegan tablet contains 20mg lutein and 2,000μg zeaxanthin. In the early stages of AMD, it is possible to have changes at the macula, which an optometrist or ophthalmologist can see when they examine your eye, but not have any problems with your sight. As we get older, the risk of poor eyesight increases, with the most common causes being cataracts, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Many of these conditions are also progressive – which means that there is always a benefit to starting an eye health routine, even if you have one of these conditions already.

Bartels, A.; Zeki, S. (2000). "The architecture of the colour centre in the human visual brain: new results and a review *". European Journal of Neuroscience. 12 (1): 172–193. doi: 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2000.00905.x. ISSN 1460-9568. PMID 10651872. S2CID 6787155. Eye health vitamins can help to plug the gaps. Many will provide the EU's daily recommended quantity of vitamin B2, as well as vitamins C and E, which act as antioxidants to help prevent damage. 1,2 Vitamin C also contributes to normal collagen formation for the normal function of blood vessels. 2It is important if you are diagnosed with early AMD to monitor your vision for changes. Your optometrist can advise you how you can do this. Daw, Nigel W. (November 17, 1967). "Goldfish Retina: Organization for Simultaneous Colour Contrast". Science. 158 (3803): 942–4. Bibcode: 1967Sci...158..942D. doi: 10.1126/science.158.3803.942. PMID 6054169. S2CID 1108881.

At present the strongest evidence about which vitamin formula to take comes from AREDS (2001) and AREDS2 (2012), two large-scale clinical trials carried out in the United States. Zeki, S (1983). "Colour coding in the cerebral cortex: The reaction of cells in monkey visual cortex to wavelengths and colours". Neuroscience. 9 (4): 741–765. doi: 10.1016/0306-4522(83)90265-8. PMID 6621877. S2CID 21352625. Dreher, M. L. Pistachio nuts: composition and potential health benefits. Nutr.Rev. 2012;70(4):234-240. View abstract. Despite being the lesser-known cousin of blueberries, bilberries have a number of benefits, says nutritionist Sarah Dumont-Gale, primarily because of their "high concentration of anthocyanins[…] which can protect the body from oxidative stress (an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants)". Legend has it that the British Royal Air Force used to eat bilberry jam for their supper.

3. Eat the 'traffic light' way

a b Jameson, D.; Hurvich, L. M. (1989). "Essay concerning color constancy". Annual Review of Psychology. 40: 1–22. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.40.1.1. PMID 2648972. The physiological basis for color constancy is thought to involve specialized neurons in the primary visual cortex that compute local ratios of cone activity, which is the same calculation that Land's retinex algorithm uses to achieve color constancy. These specialized cells are called double-opponent cells because they compute both color opponency and spatial opponency. Double-opponent cells were first described by Nigel Daw in the goldfish retina. [9] [10] There was considerable debate about the existence of these cells in the primate visual system; their existence was eventually proven using reverse-correlation receptive field mapping and special stimuli that selectively activate single cone classes at a time, so-called "cone-isolating" stimuli. [11] [12] Human brain imaging evidence strongly suggests that a critical cortical locus for generating color constancy is located in cortical area V4, [13] damage in which leads to the syndrome of cerebral achromatopsia. Ratnayake, K., Payton, J.L., Lakmal, O.H. and Karunarathne, A.(2018). Blue light excited retinal intercepts cellular signaling. Scientific reports As well as working along lutein and zeaxanthin, vitamin B2 features in Healthspan's Bilberry supplement, for the maintenance of normal vision and to help protect eyes from damage. 5