The paddy seeds of gandhakasala, along with jeerakasala and four more varieties, were given certification as Farmers’ Varieties under the provisions of the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights Authority, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India. This was made possible due to the efforts of SEED CARE, an association of traditional paddy cultivators of Wayanad, under the guidance of MSSRF’s Community Agro-biodiversity Centre. Kolady, D. E., and Lesser, W. (2009). Does plant variety protection contribute to crop productivity? Lessons for developing countries from US wheat breeding. J. World Intellect. Prop. 12, 137–152. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-1796.2009.00354.x The Hindu (2019). India Not Obliged to Be Compliant With UPOV: Experts to Minister. Available online at: https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/agri-business/India-not-obliged-to-be-compliant-with-upov-experts-to-minister/article27083729.ece (accessed October 5, 2019).

Radhika, A. M. (2014). Economic analysis of production and marketing of Kaipad Paddy in Kannur District. (M.Sc (Ag) thesis). Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, India, 130. Gandhakasala is one of two varieties of scented rice cultivated in Wayanad the other one being Jeerakasala rice. Both varieties have been identified as having potential to compete with the well known varieties of scented rice like basmati rice and jasmine rice. [3] [4]firstly, traditional thalassery biryani recipe is prepared with jeerakasala rice, however it can also be replaced with basmati rice. Often referred to as the distant cousin of the quintessential jeera pulao (or jeera rice), Neychoru is easy to make and can be enjoyed with curry or curd. Kwa, A. (2001). Agriculture in Developing Countries: Which Way Forward? Trade-Related Agenda, Development and Equity (T.R.A.D.E.) Occasional Papers 4. Available online at: https://www.iatp.org/documents/agriculture-in-developing-countries-which-way-forward (accessed December 18, 2019).

Its quality and taste never disappoint, making it an essential ingredient in my biryani recipes. Jasmine Rice It should be noted that the PPVFR Act provides in section 15(4) that a new variety shall not be registered under the Act “if the denomination given to such variety—(viii) is comprised of solely or partly of geographical name.” However, a proviso to section 15(4) states that “that the Registrar may register a variety, the denomination of which comprises solely or partly of a geographical name, if he considers that the use of such denomination in respect of such variety is an honest use under the circumstances of the case.” Legislative Support for Agricultural Innovation-in India-Literature Review Spices: The lovely aroma comes from using whole spices in this Kerala Biryani recipe. So, make sure that the spices are fresh and in good condition. In case you don’t have saffron, you can also use a pinch of turmeric powder dissolved in water or a yellow edible color.You can also cook the layered biryani in a tightly covered pan on stove top for 25 to 30 minutes on low heat. The three NGOs which were interviewed identified the legislative support for agricultural innovation in the context of their particular missions. Thus, MSSRF utilized the PPVFR Act as a vehicle for genetic resource conservation, but had shifted its focus to conservation of rice within the Indian Biological Diversity Act 2002. Thanal's primary concern was with the promotion of organic rice farming in Kerala and urged practical government support for the cultivation of traditional varieties through the popularization of those varieties in the local markets as well as through the public distribution system of the state and post-harvest support, for storage and processing at the local level and particularly for small scale farmers. Thirunelly Agri Producer Company was primarily concerned with the marketing of rice and urged that government policy for traditional rice should be consistent from year to year and that there should be a guaranteed minimum price. It made no reference to the GIs Act as an aid to traditional rice marketing. Each of these NGOs regarded the intellectual property laws in support of agricultural innovation to be of little effect. Conclusions MB wrote the legal material and composed the article. JK and RR conducted the surveys in Kerala. KS provided the agricultural policy material. Funding