The works Monet painted in Sainte-Adresse in the second half of the 1860s represent a momentary change in his representation of the sea. Compared with the wild seascapes of previous years (a style that Monet would later resume), here Monet painted the sea as an instrument of entertainment for the bourgeoisie, in a style that can be related with the paintings created for the “Salon des Artistes”, a “genre” that the artist had been developing in previous years, finished with the colossal “Le Déjeuner sur l’herbe”, first exhibited in 1866. Claude Monet – Jardin a Sainte-Adresse – 1867

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The shadows of the greens are created with ultramarine blue, phthalo green and burnt sienna. This is where my darkest tones will be. Adding DetailsI add a little more lighter green into the cliffs and add some of the reddish brown foliage using a combination of burnt sienna, cadmium orange, a little quinacridone magenta and ultramarine blue.

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Next I paint the white water around the base of the cliffs using a combination of titanium white mixed with a little yellow oxide and burnt sienna. Having established the darkest values in the painting I move on to the sky. I want to keep the colours in the painting as cohesive and harmonious as possible, so I use the same colours I used in the cliff shadows as I do for the cloud shadows. Again I mix a combination of ultramarine blue, burnt sienna, quinacridone magenta and titanium white but I use much more titanium white. Now for the sea, now you may be wondering how you would paint a large body of water and not get bogged down in the complexities of the waves and light hitting the water. Well, I keep it simple! Using a No.8 flat brush, I loosely mark in the form or the waves and ripples using a combination of ultramarine blue with a little yellow oxide and more titanium white. the I reinforce the shadows by using my original sea mix, ultramarine blue with a little yellow oxide and titanium white but I also add a little phthalo green into the mix too.

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Before I began the painting I sketched out the composition and then a final sketch. I’d always recommend sketching before you begin a painting so you can create a good composition before you start. Certainly there is much influence of Turner in this work, both in the atmospheric effect and in the almost contradictory role of the sun, striking but almost powerless in the middle of the vast haze, an effect that recalls the colossal “Hannibal crossing the Alps” by the English painter. But Monet’s impressionist stroke goes even further, giving the surface of the canvas -especially the lower part- an almost abstract quality. Almost all conventional seascapes are inevitably horizontally conceived, interpreting the horizon, the limit between sea and sky, as the key element in the composition. Many of Monet works from this period are unique for creating an asymmetrical vertical composition. A good example of this is “Cliffs near Dieppe” (1882, Zurich Kunsthaus Zurich) in which the two traditional horizontal planes (sky and sea) are broken by the dramatic cliff, dividing the composition into two vertical sections (land/cliff and sea). This effect is also notorious in “Beach of Etretat” (1883, Paris, Musée d’Orsay) or the famous “The Manneporte”, in its various versions, but it only reached its maximum effect in the series of paintings we are going to analyze now. I’m using a 25cm x 50cm canvas. I prepared it with a layer of burnt umber which helps with tone and colour. Now I prepared a whole batch of these canvas’s months ago and I mainly use either burnt sienna or burnt umber for an under painting, however I will not be using burnt umber in this painting. For the whitewater that is in shadow I mix ultramarine blue with a little quinacridone magenta and titanium white.

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In this video I show you how to paint a coastal seascape featuring cliffs and the ocean around the south coast of Guernsey, a small island located in the English Channel. If you have any questions about painting seascapes or anything art related please leave them in the comments section below and I will do my best to answer them 🙂 It was Durand-Ruel, the great patron of the Impressionist artists, who financially supported Monet, Pissarro and Boudin during their trip to London in 1870, a trip that continued with their stay in the Netherlands the following year. The English landscape did not impress Monet at first; and in fact he painted very few English landscapes, except those depicting the Houses of Parliament and River Thames, a subject that he would resume -in a more enthusiastic way- in subsequent visits. The truly decisive factor in Monet’s stay in London was his visit to the National Gallery, where he discovered the work of the greatest British landscape painters: John Constable and, above all, Joseph Mallord William Turner. Turner’s seascapes, with their effects of light and atmosphere, influenced Monet’s works of the following years.Although not as famous as the well-know series listed above, the analysis of the “Cabane des douaniers” is fascinating. For example, in an example exhibited at the Philadelphia Museum of Art the composition is virtually identical to that of the already commented “Cliffs near Dieppe”, while in an example belonging to an American private collection the dramatic effect of the composition is not only created by the verticality, but it is also reinforced by the asymmetry caused by the diagonal of the cliff. Claude Monet: “Cabane des douaniers at Varengeville” (1882) – Boston, Museum of Fine Arts I finish up the painting by adding my highlights and final details at the end of the painting. I make refinements to the clouds adding a bit more highlight and I add highlight using my lightest tones to the white water around the base of the cliffs. For this I am using titanium white with a little yellow oxide. I also add foam to some of the waves in the distant to make it look like there is a swell in the sea.

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The artistic oeuvre of the Impressionist painter par excellence, Claude Monet, seen through his seascapes. A fascinating virtual tour through the relationship between the impressionist master and the sea. Claude Monet: “The Manneporte” (1884) – detail I explain how to paint the cliffs and how to make the foliage on the cliffs recede in the distant landforms. I show you how to paint the sea and simplify the complexities of the moving water in a manner that still gives the appearance of a realistic ocean. I explain how to get the tonality of the painting correct, show you how to mix a few colours and much more. When painting a large body of water like this, you don’t want to have too much detail as you risk creating a distracting composition. By keeping it looser the human brain will fill in the rest of the information. Next I paint the foliage and grass in the mid ground cliffs using a combination of ultramarine blue, cadmium yellow, cadmium orange, yellow oxide. The yellow oxide and cadmium orange helps to earth the greens and make them look more nature, it also reduces the chroma a little. Alcoholic and impulsive, Jongkind impressed the young Monet with the effects of light and atmosphere in his seascape paintings. The influence of the Dutch painter is clearly perceivable in works like “Pointe de la Hève at Sainte-Adresse” (1864, Currier Museum of Art), with its careful and strongly horizontal representation of the sky and the atmosphere. This painting was admitted in the Salon of 1865. Note the realism of the work and the use of very definite brushstrokes, which Monet later changed in works such as “Rough sea at Etretat” (1868, Paris, Musée d’Orsay)

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Between 1881 and 1883 Monet made a series of trips to several coastal towns in Normandy, such as Dieppe, Pourville or Trouville, where the landscapes were enough attractive to satisfy his creative appetite. Unlike in his former seascapes, here Monet seemed to focus more on the coastal landscape than in the ocean itself, taking advantage of the spectacularity of the rugged Normandy coast and its dramatic cliffs. Claude Monet: “Cliffs near Dieppe” (1882) – Zurich, Kunsthaus Claude Monet: “Cabane des douaniers, Varengeville” (1882) – Philadelphia, Art Museum ·· Claude Monet: “Cabane des douaniers, effet du matin” (1882) – Private collection Two years later, Monet rented for three months a small castle in Antibes, in the French Riviera. The artist immediately fell in love with the landscape –“so full of light” – of the Mediterranean, and with the turquoise and pink tones of the Mediterranean light. First of all I mix the colours which are primarily ultramarine blue with a little yellow oxide and titanium white. For the areas of the water that are in shadow I used the exact same colours, just less titanium white.