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Members of the KKK swore to uphold American values and Christian morality, and some Protestant ministers became involved at the local level. Some of the bombing victims were social activists whose work exposed them to danger, but most were either people who refused to bow to racist convention or were innocent bystanders, unsuspecting victims of random violence.

They discovered that the original interpretation was largely mistaken about the membership and activities of the Klan; the membership was not anti-modern, rural or rustic and consisted of fairly well educated middle-class joiners and community activists. Northern Indiana's industrial cities had attracted a large Catholic population of European immigrants and their descendants. Klan members were Protestants, as were most of their opponents, but the latter also included many Catholic Germans. No crosses had been used as a symbol by the first Klan, but it became a symbol of the Klan's quasi-Christian message. The KKK killed and wounded more than 200 Black Republicans, hunting and chasing them through the woods.Dixon was an old friend of Wilson's and, before its release, there was a private showing of the film at the White House. Disaffection with Holden's actions contributed to white Democratic legislators impeaching him and removing him from office, but their reasons for doing so were numerous.

By 1872, the federal government's evident willingness to bring its legal and coercive authority to bear had broken the Klan's back and produced a dramatic decline in violence throughout the South. A significant characteristic of the second Klan was that it was an organization based in urban areas, reflecting the major shifts of population to cities in the North, West, and the South.

The distinctive white costume permitted large-scale public activities, especially parades and cross-burning ceremonies, while keeping the membership roles a secret. These mass parades became another hallmark of the new Klan that had not existed in the original Reconstruction-era organization. Its purposes were political, but political in the broadest sense, for it sought to affect power relations, both public and private, throughout Southern society. Continuing disfranchisement of Black people across the South meant that most could not serve on juries, which were all-white and demonstrably biased verdicts and sentences. Think about it this way: If you wouldn't say it to a friend's face, don't wear it as a Halloween costume.

Such moral-sounding purpose underlay its appeal as a fraternal organization, recruiting members with a promise of aid for settling into the new urban societies of rapidly growing cities such as Dallas and Detroit. Klan organizers also operated in Canada, especially in Saskatchewan in 1926–1928, where Klansmen denounced immigrants from Eastern Europe as a threat to Canada's "Anglo-Saxon" heritage. Beginning in the 1950s, for instance, individual Klan groups in Birmingham, Alabama, began to resist social change and Black people's efforts to improve their lives by bombing houses in transitional neighborhoods.Historians discovered membership lists and the minutes of local meetings from KKK chapters scattered around the country.