Bertie's invitation gave River coordinates to a port in the Magellan Cloud. ( AUDIO: The Last Voyage)

Bertie complains that River refused to stop the car when his hat blew off and River replies, "Hats are overrated." She has previously shown contempt towards the Eleventh Doctor's fez ( TV: The Big Bang) and Stetson. ( TV: The Impossible Astronaut) David Abulafia begins with the earliest of seafaring societies - the Polynesians of the Pacific, the possessors of intuitive navigational skills long before the invention of the compass, who by the first century were trading between their far-flung islands. By the seventh century, trading routes stretched from the coasts of Arabia and Africa to southern China and Japan, bringing together the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific and linking half the world through the international spice trade. In the Atlantic, centuries before the little kingdom of Portugal carved out its powerful, seaborne empire, many peoples sought new lands across the sea - the Bretons, the Frisians and, most notably, the Vikings, now known to be the first Europeans to reach North America. As Portuguese supremacy dwindled in the late sixteenth century, the Spanish, the Dutch and then the British each successively ruled the waves. Can Professor Song stop any more members of the expedition from dying? What deadly secrets lie buried within the crypt? And will British Consul Bertie Potts prove to be a help, or a hindrance? She gets dynamite, tells Lifford to climb some tree and under no circumstances touch either Archie or Daphne and goes after Prim. She manages to talk to Prim, who wants revenge to all the husbands who do this to their wives. Already the infection spreads across the valley. Snakes and scorpions are infected. And there are hundreds if not thousands of human bodies buried all around. River tries to explain that Prim's husband is not to blame for what happened to her, that both River and Prim seem to be pawns in some cosmic game. But that only redirects Prim's anger to River. Still she manages to persuade Prim to jump into the saltwater reservoir on the other side of the dam. River correctly calculates that the saline drones won't know when to stop pumping water into Prim, eventually destroying her. Realising the treachery, Prim tries to drown River with her. The dynamite explodes and salt water floods the valley. Now all bodies contaminated with saline drones, dead or alive, would meet the same fate as Prim.River mistakenly believes Bertie is trying to court her and starts to rebuff him by saying she's a married woman. ( TV: The Wedding of River Song, The Angels Take Manhattan, The Husbands of River Song) Similarly, Ifa Fuyu (1876–1947), the "father of Okinawan studies" and a custodian of the Okinawa Prefectural Library, sought to redress the exclusion of Okinawan history and culture from Japanese discourses by grafting Ryukyu's islands and peoples onto those of the Yamato trunk, contending that Okinawans were migrants from Kyushu. That narrative can be traced to the Ryukyuan historian Haneji Choshu (1617–75), who cited language and race as indicative of a Japanese descent and a migration southward. The discursive annexation and, in effect, subordination put forth by this brand of Okinawan studies sought to bestow redemption and esteem upon a conquered and subject kingdom and people. Horden, P. and Purcell, N., ‘The Mediterranean and ‘The New Thalassology’’, American Historical Review, Forum: ‘Oceans of History’, 111/3 (2006), 722-40. From the beginning of history to the present, a sweep of the world's oceans and seas and how they have shaped the course of civilization.

David Abulafia's The Boundless Sea...bids fair to stand as definitive for many years."— John S. Sledge, The Northern Mariner / La marin du nordAstor his fortunes, and the general recovery of the USA economy after the war of independence hinging partly on fur trade with China. Silver being mined in Japan and traded for Chinese goods, first by the Portuguese and then the Dutch. Also staple good including flour being a lucrative trade for Japanese supplying Manila. Like other Time Lords, River has an acute sense of smell. She notes by smell alone that there are no living or dead bodies in the tomb. ( PROSE: Wishing Well, Doctor Who and the Carnival of Monsters)

Armenia’s flag being used as a neutral flag for Persians and Turks, being left alone by European sea powers when they flew this flag. Games, A., ‘Atlantic History: Definitions, Challenges, and Opportunities’, American Historical Review, Forum: ‘Oceans of History’, 111/3 (2006), 741-757. Plato, Phaedo 109b in Emlyn-Jones, C. and Preddy, W. (eds and trans), Plato: Euthyphro; Apology; Crito; Phaedo (Cambridge, MA., 2017). Intense competition between Spain and Portugal, with the demarcation of the globe by the pope hardly helping in settling any conflicts. Even King Philip was not able to merge the Portuguese and Spanish trade networks, despite holding both crowns of Iberia. America found while searching for Asia, with Genovese sailors selling their navigation knowledge being instrumental to the discoveries Portugal and Spain made.Lapitans (we think inevitably of Swift’s Laputa) and their Polynesian successors performed brilliant computations without compasses, through knowledge of water colour, phosphorescence, clouds, smells, birds, fish, floating debris, angles of sun and moon, positions of the stars. Their ancestors, they believed, watching over their tiny boats, which stayed still while the world wheeled. It is, however, pleasurable to turn to the many qualities of this book. As with the Mediterranean volume, there is a strong grasp of early developments. Indeed, Abulafia ably pulls together work from around the world. Thus, the earliest Andean civilisations depended on marine resources. Fishing was a major source of protein and, even later for the highland-based Inca, the sea and its resources played a critical role in imperial geopolitics. Across the Pacific, the ancient inhabitants of Japan were regular voyagers to offshore islands, many of which were settled, at least seasonably. However, with the notable exception of Okinawa, there was no long-distance marine expansion. As Abulafia shows, the situation in the south-west Pacific was dramatically different. Like the Meiji contexts of imperialism and national constitution, Shimao's Japonesia emerges from a contemporary condition of kokusaika or internationalization. Amidst an increasing traffic of labor, capital, and culture, including migration and language shifts, anxieties over loss of identity and distinctiveness can easily translate into political capital. Thus in a July 1985 speech, then prime minister Nakasone Yasuhiro claimed that Japan's eternal racial purity advanced an "intelligent society" whereas the mixed and colored populations of the United States could only produce a dull, superficial nation. And the International Research Center for Japanese Culture or Nichibunken, established in 1987, bankrolled research projects devoted to the promotion and preservation of a singular Japanese culture. Accordingly, like the Kokugakusha or National Learning scholars of the eighteenth century who insisted upon Japan's pure essence undiluted by Chinese contaminants, twentieth-century intellectuals promoted state ideology to reach a popular consensus and commonsense.